Poyerekeza ndi magalasi ndi zitsulo, mikhalidwe yayikulu ya pulasitiki ndi:
1, mtengo wake ndi wotsika, ungagwiritsidwenso ntchito popanda mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira zopangira zida zamankhwala zotayidwa;
2, kukonza kwake ndikosavuta, kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki yake kumatha kusinthidwa kukhala zinthu zosiyanasiyana zothandiza, ndipo zitsulo ndi magalasi zimakhala zovuta kupanga kukhala zovuta kupanga;
3, zolimba, zotanuka, osati zosavuta kuthyola ngati galasi;
4, yokhala ndi inertness yabwino yamankhwala komanso chitetezo chachilengedwe.
Ubwino wochita izi umapangitsa kuti mapulasitiki amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zamankhwala, makamaka kuphatikiza polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), ABS, polyurethane, polyamide, thermoplastic elastomers, polysulfone ndi polyether ether ketone.Kusakaniza kumatha kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito apulasitiki, kotero kuti magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri a resin osiyanasiyana amawonekera, monga polycarbonate / ABS, polypropylene/elastomer blending modified.
Chifukwa chokhudzana ndi mankhwala amadzimadzi kapena kukhudzana ndi thupi la munthu, zofunikira zamapulasitiki azachipatala ndi kukhazikika kwamankhwala komanso chitetezo chamthupi.Mwachidule, zigawo za zinthu zapulasitiki sizingalowe mu mankhwala amadzimadzi kapena thupi la munthu, sizingayambitse poizoni ndi kuwonongeka kwa minofu ndi ziwalo, ndipo sizowopsa komanso zopanda vuto kwa thupi la munthu.Pofuna kuwonetsetsa kuti mapulasitiki azachipatala ali otetezeka, mapulasitiki azachipatala omwe nthawi zambiri amagulitsidwa pamsika amatsimikiziridwa ndikuyesedwa ndi azachipatala, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito amadziwitsidwa bwino lomwe kuti ndi kalasi yachipatala.
Mapulasitiki azachipatala ku United States nthawi zambiri amadutsa chiphaso cha FDA ndi kuzindikira kwachilengedwe kwa USPVI, ndipo mapulasitiki achipatala ku China nthawi zambiri amayesedwa ndi Shandong Medical Center Testing Center.Pakadali pano, pali zida zambiri zapulasitiki zachipatala mdziko muno popanda chidziwitso chotsimikizika chachitetezo chachilengedwe, koma ndikusintha pang'onopang'ono kwa malamulo, izi zikuyenda bwino.
Malinga ndi kapangidwe kake ndi zofunikira zamphamvu za chipangizocho, timasankha mtundu woyenera wa pulasitiki ndi kalasi yoyenera, ndikuzindikira ukadaulo wopangira zinthuzo.Zinthuzi zikuphatikiza magwiridwe antchito, mphamvu zamakina, mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito, njira yophatikizira, yotseketsa, etc. The processing katundu ndi thupi ndi mankhwala katundu wa mapulasitiki ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri mankhwala.
Mapulasitiki asanu ndi awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri azachipatala
1. Polyvinyl kolorayidi (PVC)
PVC ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yopangira pulasitiki padziko lapansi.PVC utomoni ndi woyera kapena kuwala chikasu ufa, koyera PVC ndi atactic, olimba ndi brittle, kawirikawiri ntchito.Malingana ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, zowonjezera zowonjezera zimatha kuwonjezeredwa kuti zipange PVC pulasitiki ziwonetsedwe zosiyana za thupi ndi makina.Kuonjezera kuchuluka koyenera kwa plasticizer ku utomoni wa PVC kumatha kupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana zolimba, zofewa komanso zowonekera.
PVC yolimba ilibe kapena imakhala ndi pulasitiki pang'ono, imakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino, yopindika, yoponderezedwa komanso kukana, imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zomangika zokha.PVC yofewa imakhala ndi mapulasitiki ochulukirapo, ndipo kufewa kwake, kutalika kwake panthawi yopuma komanso kukana kuzizira kumawonjezeka, koma brittleness, kuuma ndi kulimba kwamphamvu kumachepetsedwa.Kachulukidwe ka PVC koyera ndi 1.4g/cm3, ndipo kachulukidwe ka zigawo zapulasitiki za PVC zokhala ndi mapulasitiki ndi zodzaza nthawi zambiri zimakhala za 1.15 ~ 2.00g/cm3.
Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa msika, pafupifupi 25% yazinthu zamapulasitiki azachipatala ndi PVC.Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kutsika mtengo kwa utomoni, kuchuluka kwa ntchito, komanso kukonza kwake kosavuta.PVC mankhwala ntchito zachipatala ndi: hemodialysis mapaipi, kupuma masks, machubu mpweya ndi zina zotero.
2. Polyethylene (PE, Polyethylene)
Pulasitiki ya polyethylene ndiye mitundu yayikulu kwambiri pamafakitale apulasitiki, yamkaka, yopanda pake, yopanda fungo komanso yopanda poizoni.Imadziwika ndi mtengo wotsika mtengo, magwiridwe antchito abwino, amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, ulimi, ma CD ndi mafakitale atsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo imakhala ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamakampani apulasitiki.
PE makamaka ikuphatikizapo otsika osalimba polyethylene (LDPE), mkulu kachulukidwe polyethylene (HDPE) ndi kopitilira muyeso-mkulu maselo kulemera polyethylene (UHDPE) ndi mitundu ina.HDPE ili ndi maunyolo anthambi ochepera pa unyolo wa polima, kulemera kwa mamolekyu apamwamba, crystallinity ndi kachulukidwe, kuuma kwakukulu ndi mphamvu, kusawoneka bwino, malo osungunuka kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo a jakisoni.LDPE ili ndi maunyolo ambiri anthambi, kotero kulemera kwake kwa maselo ndi kakang'ono, crystallinity ndi kachulukidwe ndizochepa, ndi kufewa bwino, kukana kukhudzidwa ndi kuwonekera, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powombera filimu, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri PVC njira.Zida za HDPE ndi LDPE zimathanso kusakanikirana malinga ndi zofunikira pakuchita.UHDPE ili ndi mphamvu zogwira mtima kwambiri, kugundana kochepa, kukana kupsinjika maganizo ndi makhalidwe abwino oyamwitsa mphamvu, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu choyenera cholumikizira chiuno, bondo ndi mapewa.
3. polypropylene (PP, polypropylene)
Polypropylene ndi yopanda mtundu, yopanda fungo komanso yopanda poizoni.Imawoneka ngati polyethylene, koma yowoneka bwino komanso yopepuka kuposa polyethylene.PP ndi thermoplastic yokhala ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri, yokhala ndi mphamvu yokoka yaying'ono (0.9g/cm3), yopanda poizoni, yosavuta kuyikonza, kukana kukhudzidwa, anti-deflection ndi zabwino zina.Ili ndi ntchito zambiri m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, kuphatikiza matumba oluka, mafilimu, mabokosi osinthira, zida zotchingira waya, zoseweretsa, ma bumper agalimoto, ulusi, makina ochapira ndi zina zotero.
Medical PP imakhala yowonekera kwambiri, chotchinga chabwino komanso kukana kwa radiation, kotero kuti imakhala ndi ntchito zambiri pazida zamankhwala ndi mafakitale onyamula.Zida zosakhala za PVC zokhala ndi PP monga gawo lalikulu pano zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo mwa zida za PVC.
4. Polystyrene (PS) ndi K utomoni
PS ndi lachitatu lalikulu pulasitiki zosiyanasiyana pambuyo polyvinyl kolorayidi ndi polyethylene, kawirikawiri ntchito ngati chigawo chimodzi processing pulasitiki ndi ntchito, makhalidwe waukulu ndi kuwala kulemera, mandala, zosavuta utoto, akamaumba processing ntchito ndi zabwino, kotero chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mapulasitiki tsiku ndi tsiku. , mbali zamagetsi, zida za kuwala ndi chikhalidwe ndi maphunziro.Maonekedwe ake ndi olimba komanso osasunthika, ndipo ali ndi mphamvu yowonjezera yowonjezera kutentha, zomwe zimalepheretsa ntchito yake mu engineering.M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, ma polystyrene osinthidwa ndi ma styrene-based copolymers apangidwa kuti athe kuthana ndi zofooka za polystyrene pamlingo wina wake.K utomoni ndi mmodzi wa iwo.
K utomoni wopangidwa ndi styrene ndi butadiene copolymerization, ndi amorphous polima, mandala, zoipa, sanali poizoni, kachulukidwe wa 1.01g/cm3 (otsika kuposa PS, AS), kukana kwambiri kuposa PS, transparency (80 ~ 90% ) zabwino, matenthedwe mapindikidwe kutentha 77 ℃, Kuchuluka kwa butadiene zili K zakuthupi, kuuma kwake ndi osiyana, chifukwa cha fluidity wabwino wa K zakuthupi, processing kutentha osiyanasiyana ndi lonse, kotero processing ntchito yake ndi zabwino.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku zimaphatikizapo makapu, LIDS, mabotolo, zodzikongoletsera, zopalira, zoseweretsa, zinthu za PVC zolowa m'malo, kulongedza zakudya ndi zida zamankhwala.
5. ABS, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene copolymers
ABS ili ndi kulimba kwina, kuuma, kukana kwamphamvu komanso kukana kwa mankhwala, kukana kwa radiation ndi kukana kwa ethylene oxide disinfection.
ABS muzachipatala imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati zida zopangira opaleshoni, ng'oma, singano zapulasitiki, mabokosi a zida, zida zowunikira komanso nyumba zothandizira kumva, makamaka nyumba zina zazikulu zachipatala.
6. Polycarbonate (PC, Polycarbonate)
Makhalidwe a PCS ndi kulimba, mphamvu, kulimba, komanso kutsekemera kwa nthunzi kosagwira kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa PCS kukhala yokonda ngati zosefera za hemodialysis, zida zogwirira ntchito, ndi matanki a okosijeni (akagwiritsidwa ntchito pa opaleshoni ya mtima, chida ichi chimatha kuchotsa mpweya woipa magazi ndi kuonjezera mpweya);
Ntchito zina za PC muzamankhwala zimaphatikizapo makina ojambulira opanda singano, zida zothira mafuta, mbale zamagazi zama centrifuge, ndi ma pistoni.Pogwiritsa ntchito kuwonekera kwake kwakukulu, magalasi a myopia amapangidwa ndi PC.
7. PTFE (Polytetrafluoro ethylene)
Polytetrafluoroethylene resin ndi ufa woyera, mawonekedwe a waxy, osalala komanso osasunthika, ndiye pulasitiki wofunika kwambiri.PTFE ili ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri zomwe sizingafanane ndi thermoplastics wamba, chifukwa chake imadziwika kuti "pulasitiki mfumu".Kugundana kwake ndikotsika kwambiri pakati pa mapulasitiki, kumakhala ndi biocompatibility yabwino, ndipo kumatha kupangidwa kukhala mitsempha yamagazi ndi zida zina zolumikizidwa mwachindunji.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-25-2023